And the trade-off?. . .

One of the most effortless and relaxing environments you can cultivate in your own home!
Fish keeping is one of the oldest forms of relaxation and home aquariums are becoming more and more popular every day. Investing in a home aquarium can be a great experience for the entire family and is relatively easy to take care of.

But it’s not as intuitive as an inexperienced hobbyist may think. For example, it may not be obvious to everyone that you shouldn’t keep big fish in a small tank, or that small fish probably won’t fair well with larger more aggressive stock. And, unless you follow the advice of the store clerk where you buy Betta fish, you may not know that putting multiple male Betta fish in the same fish tank is a bad idea!

This primer will show you…

* The differences between freshwater and saltwater setups
* What to look for when purchasing your aquarium
* How to setup your aquarium
* Why and how to “cycle” your tank
* How to maintain stable water conditions
* How to add, and care for, your fish
* And much, much more!

With your Keeping Fish Primer, you’ll learn everything you need to know before you buy your aquarium, AND how to set things up to ensure your fish live a long and healthy life!
I’ve taken the most reliable information I have found for raising fish and weeded out the unproven and unethical opinions and used only what works for myself and expert aquarists. Everything is compiled here, in one easy-to-read format and is guaranteed to get you up and running in as little time as possible (remembering of course, that your tank will sit empty for a few weeks while the water creates a stabilized environment for your fish).

The information in this primer is the safest, most reliable, most common-sense approach to setting up either a freshwater or saltwater aquarium. And I can tell you with all confidence that my personal aquarium has given our family hours of absolute joy and our fish are enjoyed by everyone who visits!

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In setting up a 55 gallon aquarium you need to remember to buy all the supplies before you purchase the aquatic life. The tank and all the supplies need to be set up and running through its cycle period before purchasing the fish and introducing them to their new home. If the fish are not properly introduced in a healthy manner to their new home, there is a great possibility of loosing those fish within the first few days. Some of the supplies you will need are: Gravel, filter, heater, water pump, fish net, fish food (depending on which fish you choose to get), thermometer, testing kits, and decorations.

Now in setting up the tank, put the 55 gallon aquarium where you want it be. Next, you should take the gravel and decorations and wash them off thoroughly before placing it into the aquarium. The gravel should be 2 inches thick surrounding the bottom of the tank. You are able to fill the tank halfway next with tap water. Once that is filled, set up the heater, filtration, and thermometer. Before adding anything else you should wait until the tank maintains a temperature usually anywhere around 75-82 degrees Fahrenheit. With the test kit test your PH levels and make sure they are good for the fish. Usually you let the water cycle for a period of 48-72 hours before purchasing and bringing your new fish home.

Acclimating the fish to their new environment is a very important part of setting up your 55 gallon aquarium. The purpose of this procedure is that the fish you bring home in the bags are in different temperature waters, and the PH level is most likely different as well. You have to slowly introduce them to the new water in the aquarium otherwise the fish can go into shock from the change.

The floating method is the most commonly used. First, turn off the lights in the aquarium. This will give the fish a better easier time to adjust to the new water. Next, float the un open bag that has the fish in it, in the tank for about 15 minutes. After 15 minutes is up, cut the bag below the metal clip tying the bag together. Add about a half a cup of the aquarium, water into the bag. Repeat that every 5 minutes until the bag is almost full, but not all the way. Keep the bag floating in the water for another couple minutes. Open the bag and slowly slide the fish into their new home. Keep an eye on the fish for a few days just to make sure that they are OK with the new aquarium settings but if you have followed all of the steps listed above then there should be no problem.

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Having the ability to acknowledge the completely different types of koi fish is simpler whenever you’ve bought an understanding of the numerous classifications that koi are grouped into. Every selection has certain necessities nevertheless sample variety is suitable in most varieties. There are just a few highly regarded koi varieties. One customary selection is Kahaku koi. These are White Koi with crimson markings. One other widespread koi choice is the Hirarimono or Ogon variety.

The first part of the phrase “Hikari” means metallic. The second a part of the phrase “Mono” means single color. These koi fish are all one color. Ogon koi are additionally very metallic in appearance. They’re most commonly accessible and seen in yellow generally called Yamabuki Ogon and throughout the colour white or silver which can be typically often known as Platinum Ogon. Whatever the shade or the variability, the coloration of Ogon koi must be the same hue from their heads to their tails and right all the way down to the tips of the fins. Giant fins are fascinating on the Ogon koi fish as a result of they offset the plain body.

White Koi or Platinum Ogon are very distinctive and customary fish on the planet of koi. Their our our bodies appear to shine with the identical luster as precious metal. These distinctive and exquisite koi fish first appeared back in 1963, more than likely from crossing Kigoi with the grayish-silver Nezu (transient for the Japanese phrase for rat, nezumi) Ogon. These sorts of koi fish are very hardy and develop rapidly. They’re moreover trendy in poorly filtered ponds as a result of they stand out throughout the murky water. Other Ogon koi fish embody the Nezu, Orenji and the Fuji koi fish.

Most Platinum Ogon koi are bred with the Ginrin scales to make them appear even shinier. Ginrin scales are very different from these which are seen on metallic koi. As an alternative of an normal gleam attributable to the reflective pigment of the scales, Ginrin scales have a reflective sheen over all or a part of their flooring making a glimmering impression that could be very very similar to decrease diamonds. To qualify as Ginrin, the koi fish should have extra of those scales than it’s doable to rely because it swims past the observer. About 20 scales is the accepted minimum.

One issue that actually attracts pond homeowners to fill their ponds with koi fish is the big variety of colors that koi fish come in. When seen from the best, koi fish are capable of present their finest color. The overwhelming majority of the fish’s pigment in on the best side of the fish. When koi fish are proven in occasions in Asia, they’re all the time confirmed in spherical swimming pools and are all the time considered from the top.

Fish ponds do involve up keep and maintenance to keep them looking good and also healthy for your fish, of course the bigger the actual pond the greater upkeep will probably be required. The fish pond accessories you require will be a new pond liner to hold the water, and a pond pump to maintain the water circulating, in addition you need any biological pond filtration to keep the water clear and supply a proper natural environment for the species of fish along with your pond vegetation.

Whenever developing ones fish pond it will be advisable to be sure your pond is actually large enough and deep enough to support these further species of fish you might include at a later date, it’s also wise to try to incorperate a few ledges all-around ones fish pond whenever excavating your hole. The reason for this is that it will provide you with some where to put in the marginal vegetation, and also supply your species of fish some where in order to hide any time they have to.

I’d advise at least FOUR ft . deep as a bare minimum for your fish pond, this can in addition supply your species of fish the ability to get out of the way of predators and is additionally a great way to control temprature through the summertime months. Additionally try to be sure you place your fish pond away from over hanging trees, since the dropping leaves will sink into the base of the pond and generate dangerous bacteria which may harm your fish.

You can find much better means of providing shade for the species of fish for instance adding water lillies plus some marginal vegetation, not simply will this specific give them some shade it is going to also provide them with some cover from predators like herons as well as kingfishers and not failing to remember pet cats. One good benefit of installing vegetation in the fish pond, is the fact they are going to bring oxygen into the water and help with keeping a person’s fish pond healthful simply by removing excess nitrates and phosphates along with making the fish pond look attractive.

The design of your garden fish pond must also be some sort of thing to consider ahead of beginning work on it, endeavor to stay away from having any kind of pointed edges within the style, curves are a better idea whenever planning the fish pond. If your pond is going to be reasonably small in the first place, then i advise getting a preformed liner which is previously shaped using curves, this specific makes the job regarding the installation of a new fish pond a little bit less difficult. Should you be looking to create some sort of medium size fish pond, then you should deisgn ones pond using soft curves throughout the edges, after that utilize a flexible liner manufactured from rubber or even pvc to stick to the design of one’s pond.

When you choose to purchase your fish pond accessories always make sure you get good quality merchandise, an excellent good quality pond pump and also a quality biological filtration system will go a long way to help giving you the best healthy enviroment for your fish. The biological pond filter is among the far more important accessories in my opinion, a good high quality one will eliminate the actual harmful particles from your fish pond, including ammonia and also nitrates that are not really very good to the health and fitness of your fish.

Once the fish pond is constructed and you have put in the actual neccesary fish pond accessories, it will be wise to give the pond about 7 days to settle down before you decide to include ones species of fish. Deciding on the best fish to start out the pond with is totally up to a person, a proposition would be to begin with the more affordable sorts of species of fish while the fish pond settles down, then you may shift up to the more exotic types for example the amazing varieties of koi carp you can find accessible.

Maintaining a fish pond in the backyard is often a superb method of enhancing your own residence, nevertheless bear in mind there is certainly servicing to take into consideration when maintaining a fish pond. Through the use of top quality fish pond equipment the particular maintenance should be held down to a minimum degree, providing you plenty of time to be able to take it easy and enjoy a fantastic hobby taking good care of your fish pond with regard to years to come.

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Angel Fish

Great in a community tank, it moves around at a slow pace and is lovely to look at with wonderful colors. Adults can be as big as fifteen centimetres long, so think about that when you are working out how many fish your aquarium can accommodate.

Temperature wise they can endure quite a wide range and they are also happy with a variable range of foods.

This fish looks silvery, is thin and has curvy fins that sweep backwards. Distinct vertical stripes run along the body from the caudal fin to the eye. And you can tell when this fish is afraid as these black stripes suddenly fade away.

Other Angel fish such as the black one, obviously don’t show these stripes as clearly. Another one, an Angel fish has lace patterns on the fins. Longer fins can be found on another Angel fish, the Veil Angel that has a marble effect.

Sexing these fish is not easy. When you do manage to get a pair they remain loyal to each other and look after they young well. When breeding you will need a well planted tank with broad leaves and the light needs to be at a low level. Sticky eggs are produced within two or three days.

Bear in mind that these fish can eat the eggs, especially if they feel afraid. The young can be fed with infusoria and then micro worms and then brine shrimps.

Badis

You cannot say that this fish has one particular color as there are lots and lots of variations. The colors vary from red to a nearly purple color and spots have even been noted. Not only that, the color changes depending on the aquarium conditions and during breeding.

Major characteristics are a dorsal fin that that might have bluish green stripes, scales with a line around them and a stripe crossing the eye.

When breeding make sure that the male is smaller than the female because she can be injured by a bigger male. As a cave dweller ensure you use something like a plant pot for it to breed in. Have a well planted aquarium with a water temp of twenty nine degrees centigrade. Remove the female after egg laying, wait for them to hatch and then remove the male. Use infusoria to feed the young.

Black Widow

The family is Characidae and the scientific name is Gymnocorymbus ternetzi. This is a popular fresh water aquarium fish as it is peaceful, fairly small at 6.5 centimetres and therefore great in a community tank. Nevertheless it is susceptible to bad water conditions and this can be identified by seeing if it swims with the head down. Food wise, a range of feeding can be used but it prefers live food.

Color wise its body has vertical dark stripes with red circled eyes and a silvery green body. Sexing is difficult a clue is that the male is not as fat in the body and it has bigger frontal and anal fins and dorsal fins that are sharper. The breeding tank must be thickly planted at on end, water at twenty degrees centigrade and you also need floating plants.

After breeding the eggs are dispersed, some adhering themselves to plant leaves and others falling to the bottom.

Remove the breeding pair after spawning and you will see the fry after about thre days. Feed the young on infusoria, then brine shrimp.

Paul Curran is webmaster at Fresh-Water-Aquariums-Guide.com and provides an information system for fresh water aquarium care. Get your FREE E-Course on how to set up and maintain a beautiful aquarium, have the healthiest, happiest fish around AND learn more about freshwater aquarium fish

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Upside Down Catfish – Synodontis nigriventris (Family: Mochokidae)
As its name describes this fish exhibits different postures than most other fish do. Its main position is upside down as it eats from underneath the leaves. Its upside nature continues on into its color as its back has the lighter colors and the belly the darker colors.

They can be kept in a community tank but the lighting really needs to be dim so select your choice of occupants carefully to meet this particular criteria. A water temperature range of 22 to 26 degrees centigrade is adequate. These fish are scavengers but their food diet must be varied and consist of a high proportion of vegetable matter.

A special feature of this fish is the presence of long barbels that might irritate the other fish now and again. The eye is particularly large, the back is a light gray to cream color with dark brown to black irregular shaped spotting. The belly of the fish is almost black. It can grow to about 10 cms.

The large caudal fin is split with spots and colored tints on it. The dorsal fin has the same tints. Breeding wise there is no recommended techniques to pass on although it has been bred on rare occasions.

Variatus Platy – Xiphophorus variatus (Family: Poeciliidae)
Due to lots of breeding there are a wide range of colored varieties. This is an extremely popular fish with beginners. It is not difficult to maintain in a fresh water aquarium and will even breed in it. Platys are not fussy eaters, are sturdy and temperatures between 20 and 27 degrees centigrade will be fine.

The male is smaller then the female which is a bit dull color wise being greenish or silvery. A males color will depend on its type. For breeding the pair should be kept apart prior to it and a breeding tank used. Moving an egg carrying female is dangerous, unless in the early stages, as the brood and the mother can be lost.

It can take two months to give birth to over one hundred fry and most should survive as these fish are not particularly cannibalistic. Infusoria can be fed for a short time before you move on to fine dry food and brine shrimp.

White Cloud Mountain Minnow – Tanichthys albonubes (Family: Cyprinidae)
Another good peaceful community fish for your fresh water aquarium and the beginner. There are no feeding problems and it likes to eat little and frequently. Too much heat will hurt this fish so a water temperature range of between 18 and 20 degrees centigrade is best. The water should also be a bit hard and there needs to be lots of space for it to swim around in.

The main color is often silver (with purple blue tints) along the flanks and green on the back. Adults will reach a size of about 4 cms. In the young fish there is a blue green stripe on it that appears to change color as the angle of view changes. This runs from the caudal peduncle to behind the eye but gradually fades and cannot be seen in older fish.

Both the caudal fin and the dorsal fin have a red area on them. The anal fin is a bit longer than the dorsal fin. It has a small mouth that faces upwards slightly. The female is more full bodied than the male. The male has a longer dorsal fin.

Breeding the white cloud mountain minnow is not difficult. To start with you need to separate the selected pair and condition them as this will help the breeding success rate. The breeding tank should be planted with thick bunches of fine leaved plants and have shallow water; about 15 cms.

After getting together the eggs will be laid among the plants. The eggs are not sticky. Although there is no reputation for eating their eggs or fry it is best practice to remove the parents after spawning. Three days later and fry should appear. Rear as normal.

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Dwarf Pencil Fish – Nannostomus marginatus (Family: Lebiasinidae)

Behavior: It is a bit timid and likes its fellow dwarfs so its better to have few of them in your aquarium. They will grow to about 3 cms when adult and are slow swimmers so you will have plenty of time to admire them!.

Water and Tank Conditions: This fish will thrive well if there is plenty of swimming space and also a well planted area as we have said it is a bit timid. A water temperature range of about 24 degrees centigrade will be ideal.

Features and Colors: There are differences between the sexes but are a bit subtle. The females are not as slim as the males and are not as brightly colored. There are three bands running along the sides of the fish. The middle one is gold colored with dark brown ones either side. The back is a golden brown with the body browny gray.

The fins are red around the perimeter and the bottom parts are also red. An unusual feature of the Nannostomus genus is that the horizontal bands will change shape when they are scared or at dusk time. They change to stripes that slope instead.

Feeding: It will accept all sorts of food but remember that they have small mouths so the food will have to be a suitable size.

Breeding Conditions: Like the Croaking tetra the pencil fish does not readily breed. A shallow depth of slightly acidic water, about 12 cms, is needed for the breeding tank and a temperature of about 24 degrees centigrade. Ideally you would have breeding trap and the female will be mated with two males.

Remove the fish once spawning has taken place. You will notice the eggs are scattered everywhere. It will be a couple of days before the fry hatch. Once hatched feed them infusoria initially followed by fine dry food and as they grow micro-worms, sieved daphnia and flaked foods.

Green Rivulus – Rivulus cylindraceus (Family: Cyprinodontidae)

Behavior: The green rivulus is a hardy fish, peaceful and good at leaping so keep the cover on! It is is regarded as a bit of joker in the fish world due to its habit of taking up unusual positions and maintaining them for a while. It is best to keep these fresh water fish in your tank with fish around the same size.

Water and Tank Conditions: Plant wise, a mixture of both submerged and floating varieties are needed. For the water, an average temperature of about 22 degrees centigrade will be alright although it can tolerate a fairly wide range.

Features and Colors: The green rivulus, as its name suggests, is olive-green with spots that are darker green. It also has reddish spots near the back end. It is also known as the Cuban rivulus. There are many species seen in aquariums from this genus and they all differ in color but their behavior and main features are the same. In particular they all have a ‘false eye’, which is in fact a spot located near the upper part of the peduncle fin.

Other species you will come across are the eye spot or ocellated rivulus (Rivulus ocellatus), the herring-bone rivulus (Rivulus strigatus), the yellow banded rivulus (Rivulus xanthonotus), the fire-tail rivulus (Rivulus milesi) and Hart’s rivulus (Rivulus harti).

Feeding: These fish become much more active at feeding time compared to their sometimes lethargic nature. In general they are not fussy about the food they are given.

Breeding Conditions: The difference between male and female is easy as the female hasd the large rivulus spot and is not as brightly colored compared to the male. A thickly planted breeding tank at 26 degrees centigrade is required with two females for each male. They breed easily and once the eggs have been scattered about, take the plants and fertilized eggs to a separate incubation tank. Give it up to fourteen days for the eggs to hatch and feed the fry with infusorias for the first seven or so days.

Hunchbacked Limia – Poecilia nigrofasciata (Family: Poeciliidae)

Behavior: Also known as the Humpbacked limia and the Black-barred limia. They are a peaceful fish and the females will grow to a bit more than 6 cms.
There are smaller species such as the Poecilia caudofasciata with the male less than 4 cms and the female less than 6 cms.

Water and Tank Conditions: 24 degrees centigrade is adequate.

Features and Colors: They are called hunchbacked because the young fish exhibit an arched back, which becomes greater as they age. The other parameter that also changes with age is the color. The younger are recognized by their olive color, dark vertical bands and yellow underneath. The older fish has iridescent green spots on the bands, the stomach has a dark border, the dorsal fin is bigger with spines becoming black. As in a lot of cases the female is duller than the male, color wise, not personality wise!

Feeding: The main diet for the Hunchbacked limia is algae and other vegetable matter with the odd live meal thrown in (literally!).

Breeding Conditions: Standard procedures for live-bearing fish should be followed but note that the fry are less easy to raise than usual and one tip is to put the breeding tank in a location where natural sunlight will fall upon it.

So there you have it, three more freshwater fish in your tank and more mouths to feed. Just make sure that you have enough tank space to cater for your new additions.

Paul Curran is webmaster at Fresh-Water-Aquariums-Guide.com and provides a care information system for freshwater aquariums. Get your FREE E-Course on fresh water aquariums, learning how to set up and maintain a beautiful aquarium, have the healthiest, happiest fish around and learn more about freshwater fish in a tank

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1. Good for your health

Research has shown that folk who own freshwater aquariums have better health than those who spend their time lounging on the couch watching TV. You will have a lower blood pressure, eat better, sleep better, feel more relaxed and enjoy life more. Who would not want that!

2. Satisfaction & Responsibility

Looking after your pets will give you so much pleasure as you see them them flourising in their surroundings that you have made for them and you feel a great sense of pride as you know you are responsible for their lives.

3. Not Expensive

It will not cost that much to set up a fresh water aquarium and populate it with with a great variety of beautiful fish. Basic equipment can be obtained readily along with initial fish selections from your local pet store and they will give you free advice.

4. Not Time Consuming

Once you have established your aquarium environment and you follow the basic rules then you will be able to maintain suitable conditions for your pet fish without staying up all night looking after them. And you don’t need to take them for a walk.

5. Help Is At Hand

There are many online forums you can join as a beginner, ask questions and receive the specific help you might need. And there are many ebooks and books available to learn from. Not to mention local groups you can join and discuss your issues with fellow members.

6. You Become An Expert

You will develop knowledge of keeping and maintaining your fresh water aquarium by learning from fellow aquarists in online forums or local clubs and eventually be able to help others. Remember that an expert is someone who knows more than others who do not know as much. Those with little knowedge will see you as an expert at some point in their learning process.

7. Center Of Attraction

Once your aquarium has settled down, your plants are established and you have the ideal number and type of wonderfully colored fish species you want, then your aquarium will instantly attract the attention of your visitors. As soon as they see it they will go …WOW!

Now that you have read this far, why would you not consider taking up the hobby and start to be a fresh water aquarium lover. If you don’t try it you won’t feel how good it feels to own one.

Paul Curran has a web site on fresh water aquarium where you can get a free e-course on how to set up and maintain freshwater aquariums and have the healthiest, happiest fish around. You can also access a fresh water aquariums care information system.

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Newly set-up aquarium
The best thing to do with a new aquarium is to set it up and leave it running. At first the sides will cover with air bubbles and the bacteria levels will be too low. Add several plants once you know you are clear of leaks and test the water quality every day, watching for the nitrite to spike. By adding plants you are carrying in a few bacteria from the shop and they are starting their own water clearing. Once the nitrite has spike and then settled, you can slowly add in one or two small fish each, keeping a close eye on those levels.

Cleaning a filter on a aquarium that is running
Once you start adding plants and fish, probably even some apple snails or shrimps, your filters will start to be doing their job. So at least once per week (you will quickly get the feel of whether this is too much or too little for your tank) remove the filter and clean it out.

First, remove the filter media and place it somewhere clean and dry, then strip down the filter body and head and clean off any build up of residue. The impeller will gather dirt so that will need removing and the insides of the filter should have the dirt rubbed off.

Then, back to the filter media. Ideally your filter will have two equally sized filter pads. Take the dirtiest of these and clean it well or replace it with a new one. With the second, remove a few water directly from the aquarium and clean the filter by washing just in this tank water. During the clean you do not want to wash this filter media with tap water – you will destroy its colony of bacteria! Then reassemble the filter and return to the water. Switch it on and check it is working.

Changing water
Again, perhaps a weekly task at first, but a heavily stocked tank might need more work and an established aquarium masses less. Prepare a quantity of water in advance by filling a clean bucket of water with water from the cold water tap. Never use water from the hot water tap! It’s a long story, but it can contain copper from the inside of the pipes that builds up in your aquarium. Ideally run it off a day or two in advance and add dechlorinator to the water. When the time comes to change the water, use a gravel cleaner to syphon out the water, cleaning the gravel at the same time. Never remove in excess of 20% of the water in your tank even if! It is useful to calculate what 20% is when you first set up your tank and make a small mark on your tank so you know where to empty it to.

Other maintenance
You will need to trim and replace live plants every so often and remove any build ups of algae off the side of the tank, even though a good selection of occupants will do this for you. Your splash cover will need occasional cleaning and you should replace your bulbs every 6 to 12 months, depending on their types.

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Nowadays there an increasing number involved in keeping tropical fish at home in an aquarium and the ages of these aquarists ranges from the more elderly down to young kids.

Due to tropical fish being more colorful than their cold water compatriots, the aquarist has more to select from and because they are not as big you can accomodate more in your aquarium, and usually you will not have to import the fish from its original habitat due to being bred in captivity just for you.

It is unlikely that the fish in your tank have the same size, color or form of the original fish due to years of ongoing breeding, so for example a checkered warf cichlid will not have come Venezuela where it originated, but you can import wild stock when rearing in captivity is not successful.

Some species might have various common names, used on a daily basis by pet shops and aquarium owners, and may be helpful, but if a spot on identification is needed then they are of no use.

Carl Linnaeus was a Swedish physician, botanist, and zoologist (called the father of new taxonomy and one of the fathers of new ecology) who laid the basis for the conventional system of naming species called binomial nomenclature.

Since 1758 this process has been utilised and divides animals and plants into sectors in such a way that their inter-relationship is established. Taxonomy finds, describes and categorizes organisms into seven major groupings, in this order, Kingdom/Phylum/Division/Class/Order/Family/Genus/Species.

As the name describes, the binomial nomenclature scheme provides a two part ‘scientific name’ with the genus and species names together. Biologists like to call the genus and species combination the ‘scientific name’ although it could be called the ‘Latin name’.

As Ichthyology (zoological term for studying fish) moves forward it has happened that now and again fish have been put in a different classification but because the new identification name is not used by everyone, you can sometimes end up with one fish having two scientific names.

For example, the Chanda lala and the Ambassis lala might be assumed to be different species, but they are not and you may have more than one genus with lots of species as in the Colisa labiosa and the Colisa fasciata. If a genus for a fish is known but it can not be properly identified then you would describe the fish with its generic name and the word species tagged on to it.

yearly, around 250 newly discovered species are assigned scientific names and at the start of 2010 there were over 31,000 species registered with a fish information database. If you add up all other vertebrates: amphibians, mammals, birds and reptiles, the total is less than the number of fish species around.

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